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MATH1090

Set theory

Build precise mathematical reasoning from logic and sets, then construct the number systems, understand completeness and limits, and compare infinite sets. Begin with propositions and work toward proofs that depend on clearly stated assumptions.

7 chapters · 23 sectionsEN · 繁 · 简
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In the MATH1090 notes

Theorem cards
78
Definitions
61
Counterexamples
1
Concept lenses
1
Histories of ideas
2
Proof X-rays
1

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In the webTheorem cards 78 · Definitions 61 · Counterexamples 1 · Concept lenses 1 · Histories of ideas 2 · Proof X-rays 1

None of these is on the timeline yet.

No concept lens from this course is recorded in the web yet.

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Counts cover the 23 public sections of this course and what is written in them, not recorded connections. 0 of these sections are indexed into the web in detail so far.

Chapter 1 · 3 sections

Logic

Reasoning tools for statements, connectives, and quantifiers.

Theorems 8 · Definitions 7

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  1. 1.1

    Propositional logic

    Learn how mathematicians treat statements, connectives, and validity.

  2. 1.2

    Truth tables and equivalence

    Build truth tables and use them to test equivalence, tautologies, and contradictions.

  3. 1.3

    Quantifiers and negation

    Translate quantifiers carefully and negate them without losing meaning.

Chapter 2 · 2 sections

Sets and relations

Basic set language, functions, and relations.

Theorems 6 · Definitions 7Counterexamples 1

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  1. 2.1

    Sets and set operations

    Understand membership, subsets, and the main set operations by working with concrete examples.

  2. 2.2

    Functions and relations

    Connect sets to functions and relations, then read injective, surjective, and relational language with confidence.

Chapter 3 · 5 sections

Numbers by construction

How natural numbers, integers, and rationals are built, and where Q still falls short.

Theorems 14 · Definitions 8

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  1. 3.1

    Natural numbers and Peano axioms

    Meet natural numbers through the Peano viewpoint and learn what the successor operation is really doing.

  2. 3.2

    Induction and recursive arithmetic

    Use induction as a proof pattern and read recursive formulas for + and · without losing the base case.

  3. 3.3

    Integers from equivalence classes

    Build the integers from pairs of natural numbers and read each equivalence class as one signed number.

  4. 3.4

    Rationals and well-defined operations

    Define rational numbers as equivalence classes and check that the usual formulas do not depend on the representative you pick.

  5. 3.5

    Gaps in Q and why sqrt(2) is not rational

    Use rational squares and upper bounds to locate a gap in Q without presupposing a real number at its boundary.

Chapter 4 · 6 sections

Order and completeness

Total order, bounds, supremum and infimum, and the completeness gap between Q and R.

Theorems 19 · Definitions 13History 1

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  1. 4.1

    Total orders and ordered fields

    Separate total order from partial order, then see how the familiar order on Z and Q works together with field operations.

  2. 4.2

    Upper bounds, supremum, and infimum

    Distinguish maxima and minima from upper and lower bounds, then learn how supremum and infimum capture the correct extremal language.

  3. 4.3

    Completeness and gaps in Q

    A rationally defined bounded set shows why ordered-field arithmetic does not imply completeness.

  4. 4.4

    Axioms for the reals and first approximations

    Treat the reals as the target complete ordered field, then use decimal approximations to motivate the first construction idea.

  5. 4.5

    Dedekind cuts and the embedding of Q

    Define a real number as a left/right split of Q, see why rational cuts embed Q faithfully, and understand how order and arithmetic are rebuilt on cuts.

  6. 4.6

    Decimal expansions and irrational numbers

    Turn infinite decimal intuition into a cut, then use sqrt(2) to see how irrational numbers live inside the completed number system.

Chapter 5 · 3 sections

Sequences and first limits

Sequences, Cauchy convergence, and the first delta-epsilon treatment of function limits.

Theorems 9 · Definitions 9

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  1. 5.1

    Sequences and epsilon-N limits

    Treat a sequence as a function on N, then learn the epsilon-N definition of convergence through concrete examples.

  2. 5.2

    Cauchy sequences and another model of the reals

    See why Cauchy sequences capture internal convergence, then sketch how equivalence classes of rational Cauchy sequences give another model of R.

  3. 5.3

    Delta-epsilon limits, limit laws, and continuity

    Move from sequence limits to function limits, learn the delta-epsilon definition, and organize the first toolkit of failure tests, limit laws, and continuity.

Chapter 6 · 3 sections

Big sets

Cardinality, countability, Cantor's theorem, choice principles, intervals, Cantor set, density, and well-ordering.

Theorems 15 · Definitions 11Lenses 1History 1Proof X-rays 1

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  1. 6.1

    Cardinality, countability, and cardinal inequalities

    Compare finite and infinite set sizes by bijections, injections, and explicit countable enumerations.

  2. 6.2

    Cantor's theorem, continuum, and choice

    Use Cantor's theorem to prove that power sets are strictly larger, then place continuum and choice principles in context.

  3. 6.3

    Intervals, Cantor set, density, and well-ordering

    Study intervals, the Cantor set, density, and well-ordering as different ways of measuring size and order.

Chapter 7 · 1 section

Sets with structure

Binary operations and the first algebraic structures built on top of sets.

Theorems 7 · Definitions 6

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  1. 7.1

    Binary operations, monoids, and groups

    Move from bare sets to binary operations, then separate monoids from groups by their algebraic laws.

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